Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Resident but dispersive, nomadic or locally migratory in Philippines, Java and Sumatra. Migratory farther N, being summer visitor to China and much of Indochina and partial migrant in S Thailand and Malay Peninsula; in the last region, a post-breeding exodus from coastal lowlands, and flocks migrate S by day in Aug-Oct and return N in Mar-Apr, when local birds are breeding.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 2001)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (2001) - www.hbw.com,
• Copyright: GROMS/BfN - www.groms.de
  
  (A digitised version of this map is published in GIS shape format on the GROMS CD).